Acne is a widespread skin condition that causes the development of pimples, often referred to as “zits.” It can appear in different forms, including whiteheads, blackheads, or red, inflamed areas on the skin. In some cases, it progresses into painful cysts beneath the surface.

What Causes Acne?

Acne forms when tiny openings in the skin, called pores, become clogged. Each pore is connected to a follicle that contains a hair and an oil-producing gland. These glands help moisturize the skin and remove dead skin cells. However, when excess oil and dead skin cells accumulate, they can block the pore, leading to the formation of a comedone (clogged pore).

• If the blockage stays beneath the skin and appears as a small white bump, it is known as a whitehead.
• If the blockage is exposed to air and darkens, it forms a blackhead.
• When bacteria become trapped inside a clogged pore, the immune system responds with inflammation, leading to pimples.
• In severe cases, acne develops deep within the skin, causing hard, painful cysts—this condition is called nodulocystic acne.

While everyone has pores, some individuals are more susceptible to blockages. Though acne is most often linked to teenagers due to hormonal fluctuations, it can occur at any age, including infancy. Additionally, genetics can influence a person’s likelihood of developing acne, as it often runs in families.